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内核模块签名--详解

验证模块签名

kernel/module.c

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SYSCALL_DEFINE3(init_module, void __user *, umod,
		unsigned long, len, const char __user *, uargs)
{
	int err; 
	struct load_info info = { }; 

	err = may_init_module();
	if (err)
		return err; 

	pr_debug("init_module: umod=%p, len=%lu, uargs=%p\n",
	       umod, len, uargs);

	err = copy_module_from_user(umod, len, &info);
	if (err)
		return err; 

	return load_module(&info, uargs, 0);
}
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/* Allocate and load the module: note that size of section 0 is always
   zero, and we rely on this for optional sections. */
static int load_module(struct load_info *info, const char __user *uargs,
		       int flags)
{
	struct module *mod;
	struct module_ext *mod_ext;
	long err;

	err = module_sig_check(info);
	if (err)
		goto free_copy;
	...
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static int module_sig_check(struct load_info *info)
{
	int err = -ENOKEY;
	const unsigned long markerlen = sizeof(MODULE_SIG_STRING) - 1;
	const void *mod = info->hdr;

	# 模块最后是 MODULE_SIG_STRING 字符串
	if (info->len > markerlen &&
	    memcmp(mod + info->len - markerlen, MODULE_SIG_STRING, markerlen) == 0) {
		/* We truncate the module to discard the signature */
		info->len -= markerlen;
		err = mod_verify_sig(mod, &info->len); // 检验签名
	}

	if (!err) {
		info->sig_ok = true;
		return 0;
	}

	/* Not having a signature is only an error if we're strict. */
	if ((err == -ENOKEY && !sig_enforce) && (get_securelevel() <= 0))
		err = 0;

	return err;
}
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/*
 * Verify the signature on a module.
 */
int mod_verify_sig(const void *mod, unsigned long *_modlen)
{
	struct public_key_signature *pks;
	struct module_signature ms;
	struct key *key;
	const void *sig;
	size_t modlen = *_modlen, sig_len;
	int ret;

	pr_devel("==>%s(,%zu)\n", __func__, modlen);

	if (modlen <= sizeof(ms))
		return -EBADMSG;

	# 去除 MODULE_SIG_STRING 后,文件末尾是定义个字段长度的结构
	memcpy(&ms, mod + (modlen - sizeof(ms)), sizeof(ms));
	modlen -= sizeof(ms);

	# 签名长度
	sig_len = be32_to_cpu(ms.sig_len);
	if (sig_len >= modlen)
		return -EBADMSG;
	modlen -= sig_len;

	# 签名者长度,签名的标识ID长度,ID一般是一个20B的串
	if ((size_t)ms.signer_len + ms.key_id_len >= modlen)
		return -EBADMSG;
	modlen -= (size_t)ms.signer_len + ms.key_id_len;

	*_modlen = modlen;
	sig = mod + modlen;

	/* For the moment, only support RSA and X.509 identifiers */
	if (ms.algo != PKEY_ALGO_RSA ||
	    ms.id_type != PKEY_ID_X509)
		return -ENOPKG;

	if (ms.hash >= PKEY_HASH__LAST ||
	    !hash_algo_name[ms.hash])
		return -ENOPKG;

	# 查找 .system_keyring
	key = request_asymmetric_key(sig, ms.signer_len,
				     sig + ms.signer_len, ms.key_id_len);
	if (IS_ERR(key))
		return PTR_ERR(key);

	# 摘要
	pks = mod_make_digest(ms.hash, mod, modlen);
	if (IS_ERR(pks)) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(pks);
		goto error_put_key;
	}

	# hash算法的额外前缀
	ret = mod_extract_mpi_array(pks, sig + ms.signer_len + ms.key_id_len,
				    sig_len);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto error_free_pks;

	# 验证签名
	ret = verify_signature(key, pks);
	pr_devel("verify_signature() = %d\n", ret);

error_free_pks:
	mpi_free(pks->rsa.s);
	kfree(pks);
error_put_key:
	key_put(key);
	pr_devel("<==%s() = %d\n", __func__, ret);
	return ret;
}
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/*
 * Request an asymmetric key.
 */
static struct key *request_asymmetric_key(const char *signer, size_t signer_len,
					  const u8 *key_id, size_t key_id_len)
{
	key_ref_t key;
	size_t i;
	char *id, *q;

	pr_devel("==>%s(,%zu,,%zu)\n", __func__, signer_len, key_id_len);

	/* Construct an identifier. */
	id = kmalloc(signer_len + 2 + key_id_len * 2 + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!id)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOKEY);

	memcpy(id, signer, signer_len);

	q = id + signer_len;
	*q++ = ':';
	*q++ = ' ';
	for (i = 0; i < key_id_len; i++) {
		*q++ = hex_asc[*key_id >> 4];
		*q++ = hex_asc[*key_id++ & 0x0f];
	}

	*q = 0;

	pr_debug("Look up: \"%s\"\n", id);

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_KEYRING
	key = keyring_search(make_key_ref(system_blacklist_keyring, 1),
				   &key_type_asymmetric, id);
	if (!IS_ERR(key)) {
		/* module is signed with a cert in the blacklist.  reject */
		pr_err("Module key '%s' is in blacklist\n", id);
		key_ref_put(key);
		kfree(id);
		return ERR_PTR(-EKEYREJECTED);
	}
#endif

	key = keyring_search(make_key_ref(system_trusted_keyring, 1),
			     &key_type_asymmetric, id);
	if (IS_ERR(key))
		pr_warn("Request for unknown module key '%s' err %ld\n",
			id, PTR_ERR(key));
	kfree(id);

	if (IS_ERR(key)) {
		switch (PTR_ERR(key)) {
			/* Hide some search errors */
		case -EACCES:
		case -ENOTDIR:
		case -EAGAIN:
			return ERR_PTR(-ENOKEY);
		default:
			return ERR_CAST(key);
		}
	}

	pr_devel("<==%s() = 0 [%x]\n", __func__, key_serial(key_ref_to_ptr(key)));
	return key_ref_to_ptr(key);
}

内核密匙注册

kernel/system_keyring.c

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#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/cred.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <keys/asymmetric-type.h>
#include <keys/system_keyring.h>
#include "module-internal.h"

struct key *system_trusted_keyring;
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(system_trusted_keyring);
#ifdef CONFIG_SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_KEYRING
struct key *system_blacklist_keyring;
#endif

extern __initconst const u8 system_certificate_list[];
extern __initconst const unsigned long system_certificate_list_size;

/*
 * Load the compiled-in keys
 */
static __init int system_trusted_keyring_init(void)
{
	pr_notice("Initialise system trusted keyring\n");

	system_trusted_keyring =
		keyring_alloc(".system_keyring",
			      KUIDT_INIT(0), KGIDT_INIT(0), current_cred(),
			      ((KEY_POS_ALL & ~KEY_POS_SETATTR) |
			      KEY_USR_VIEW | KEY_USR_READ | KEY_USR_SEARCH),
			      KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA, NULL);
	if (IS_ERR(system_trusted_keyring))
		panic("Can't allocate system trusted keyring\n");

	set_bit(KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED_ONLY, &system_trusted_keyring->flags);

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_KEYRING
	system_blacklist_keyring = keyring_alloc(".system_blacklist_keyring",
				    KUIDT_INIT(0), KGIDT_INIT(0),
				    current_cred(),
				    (KEY_POS_ALL & ~KEY_POS_SETATTR) |
				    KEY_USR_VIEW | KEY_USR_READ,
				    KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA, NULL);
	if (IS_ERR(system_blacklist_keyring))
		panic("Can't allocate system blacklist keyring\n");

	set_bit(KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED_ONLY, &system_blacklist_keyring->flags);
#endif

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Must be initialised before we try and load the keys into the keyring.
 */
device_initcall(system_trusted_keyring_init);

/*
 * Load the compiled-in list of X.509 certificates.
 */
static __init int load_system_certificate_list(void)
{
	key_ref_t key;
	const u8 *p, *end;
	size_t plen;

	pr_notice("Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates\n");

	p = system_certificate_list;
	end = p + system_certificate_list_size;
	while (p < end) {
		/* Each cert begins with an ASN.1 SEQUENCE tag and must be more
		 * than 256 bytes in size.
		 */
		if (end - p < 4)
			goto dodgy_cert;
		if (p[0] != 0x30 &&
		    p[1] != 0x82)
			goto dodgy_cert;
		plen = (p[2] << 8) | p[3];
		plen += 4;
		if (plen > end - p)
			goto dodgy_cert;

		key = key_create_or_update(make_key_ref(system_trusted_keyring, 1),
					   "asymmetric",
					   NULL,
					   p,
					   plen,
					   ((KEY_POS_ALL & ~KEY_POS_SETATTR) |
					   KEY_USR_VIEW | KEY_USR_READ),
					   KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA |
					   KEY_ALLOC_TRUSTED);
		if (IS_ERR(key)) {
			pr_err("Problem loading in-kernel X.509 certificate (%ld)\n",
			       PTR_ERR(key));
		} else {
			set_bit(KEY_FLAG_BUILTIN, &key_ref_to_ptr(key)->flags);
			pr_notice("Loaded X.509 cert '%s'\n",
				  key_ref_to_ptr(key)->description);
			key_ref_put(key);
		}
		p += plen;
	}

	return 0;

dodgy_cert:
	pr_err("Problem parsing in-kernel X.509 certificate list\n");
	return 0;
}
late_initcall(load_system_certificate_list);

内核信任密匙是在编译的时候收集到的。收集 *.x509

kernel/Makefile

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obj-$(CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING) += system_keyring.o system_certificates.o
...
...

###############################################################################
#
# Roll all the X.509 certificates that we can find together and pull them into
# the kernel so that they get loaded into the system trusted keyring during
# boot.
#
# We look in the source root and the build root for all files whose name ends
# in ".x509".  Unfortunately, this will generate duplicate filenames, so we
# have make canonicalise the pathnames and then sort them to discard the
# duplicates.
#
###############################################################################
ifeq ($(CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING),y)
X509_CERTIFICATES-y := $(wildcard *.x509) $(wildcard $(srctree)/*.x509)
X509_CERTIFICATES-$(CONFIG_MODULE_SIG) += signing_key.x509
X509_CERTIFICATES := $(sort $(foreach CERT,$(X509_CERTIFICATES-y), \
			$(or $(realpath $(CERT)),$(CERT))))

X509_TOOL_CERTIFICATES := $(wildcard $(srctree)/tool_certs/*.pub)

ifeq ($(X509_CERTIFICATES),)
$(warning *** No X.509 certificates found ***)
endif

ifneq ($(wildcard $(obj)/.x509.list),)
ifneq ($(shell cat $(obj)/.x509.list),$(X509_CERTIFICATES))
$(info X.509 certificate list changed)
$(shell rm $(obj)/.x509.list)
endif
endif

ifneq ($(wildcard $(obj)/.tool_x509.list),)
ifneq ($(shell cat $(obj)/.tool_x509.list),$(X509_TOOL_CERTIFICATES))
$(info X.509 tool_certificate list changed)
$(shell rm $(obj)/.tool_x509.list)
endif
endif

kernel/system_certificates.o: $(obj)/x509_certificate_list $(obj)/x509_tool_certificate_list

quiet_cmd_x509certs  = CERTS   $@  
	cmd_x509certs  = cat $(X509_CERTIFICATES) /dev/null >$@ $(foreach X509,$(X509_CERTIFICATES),; echo "  - Including cert $(X509)")
quiet_cmd_tool_x509certs  = CERTS   $@  
	cmd_tool_x509certs  = cat $(X509_TOOL_CERTIFICATES) /dev/null >$@ $(foreach X509,$(X509_TOOL_CERTIFICATES),; echo "  - Including cert $(X509)")

targets += $(obj)/x509_certificate_list
$(obj)/x509_certificate_list: $(X509_CERTIFICATES) $(obj)/.x509.list
	$(call if_changed,x509certs)

kernel/system_certificates.S

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#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/init.h>

	__INITRODATA

	.align 8
	.globl VMLINUX_SYMBOL(system_certificate_list)
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(system_certificate_list):
__cert_list_start:
#ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_SIG
#ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE
	.incbin "kernel/x509_certificate_list"
#endif
#endif
__cert_list_end:

	.align 8
	.globl VMLINUX_SYMBOL(system_certificate_list_size)
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(system_certificate_list_size):
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
	.quad __cert_list_end - __cert_list_start
#else
	.long __cert_list_end - __cert_list_start
#endif

	.align 8
	.globl VMLINUX_SYMBOL(tool_certificate_list)
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(tool_certificate_list):
__tool_cert_list_start:
#ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_SIG
#ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE
	.incbin "kernel/x509_tool_certificate_list"
#endif
#endif
__tool_cert_list_end:

	.align 8
	.globl VMLINUX_SYMBOL(tool_certificate_list_size)
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(tool_certificate_list_size):
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
	.quad __tool_cert_list_end - __tool_cert_list_start
#else
	.long __tool_cert_list_end - __tool_cert_list_start
#endif

往内核插入自己密匙

kernel/system_keyring.c copy出来独立模块,将自己公匙导入系统